Abstract. Five baby food products locally produced in Uganda were bought from different shops and supermarkets at the stage of consumption and investigated for contamination by different toxigenic fungi and aflatoxins. These foods, each contained at least one or more cereal flour in their composition. The dilution plate method and three selective isolation media namely: pentachloronitrobenzene rose Bengal yeast extract sucrose agar (PRYES), peptone-pentachloronitrobenzene agar (peptone-PCNB), and Aspergillus flavus/parasiticus agar (AFPA) were used for enumeration and isolation of toxigenic fungi. PRYES plates revealed high level of contamination of the foods by Penicillium, with three species being nephrotoxigenic (P. viridicatum, P. verrucosum and P. citrinum). On the other hand, on peptone-PCNB, 9 species of Fusarium were recovered in high frequency and counts. Of these F. verticillioides followed by F. solani were the most prevalent while F. proliferatum and F. tricinctum had more propagules. In addition, aflatoxigenic aspergilli were isolated on AFPA from the majority of samples of all the products investigated in this study. Many other fungi were also isolated on the three media, among which Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, Cladosporium and yeasts were prevalent. Regarding aflatoxins, all samples analyzed of the five products were found contaminated. Fortunately, the levels detected (0-10 ppb and 10-20 ppb) were below or in the current tolerance level of 20 ppb accepted in foodstuffs. The contaminated foods constitute a health hazard for human consumption and must be examined at regular intervals in order to assess their hygienic quality. Key words: toxigenic fungi, nephrotoxigenic Penicillium, Fusarium, aflatoxigenic aspergilli, aflatoxins, baby foods, Uganda.